JANTA VARISAI
The great composer Purandara Dasa, hailed as the Father of Carnatic music, created a set of fundamental exercises nearly 500 years ago, which are followed even today. There are 4 main types of varisais.
- melsthayi varisai
It is important to first practice sarali varisai before the janta varisai. Janta varisai are the second lessons, which involve double and triples of a single swara. These should be sung with force and emphasis from the first note to the second: sa sa ri ri ga ga ma ma ... The use of one plain note followed by a forceful one is a type of gamaka called spuritam. Practice emphasizing the second note and avoid singing both notes in a plain manner. When you have two notes, emphasize the second. When there are triples of notes (s s s) emphasize the second note as well. When you have mastered this, learn to sing the lesson in four speeds, with taalam. Finally, sing all the notes in akaaram, singing only aaa...
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SARALI VARISAI AND JANTA VARISAI
The notes that are sung once in Sarali Varisai are repeated twice. In Janta varisai, a swara will be repeated 2 times, wherein the second swara will be stressed. This enables the student to sing or play an instrument, the same swara twice on the same place, with perfect swarasthana.
HOW MANY JANTA VARISAI ARE THERE ?
Janta Varisai involve double and triples of a single swaram. These should be sung with slight force on the second swaram. Sing all the 12 varisais in 1st, 2nd and 3rd speed for practice.
Raga: Mayamalavagowla (15th Melakartha Ragam)
Arohana: S R1 G3 M1 P D1 N3 S
Avarohana: S N3 D1 P M1 G3 R1 S
Talam : Adi
1. Basic ascent/descent with Janta
s s r r | g g | m m ||
p p d d | n n | S S ||
2. Janta Emphasis (starting and ending) at each of the seven notes
s s r r | g g | m m ||
r r g g | m m | p p ||
g g m m | p p | d d ||
m m p p | d d | n n ||
p p d d | n n | S S ||
S S n n | d d | p p ||
n n d d | p p | m m ||
d d p p | m m | g g ||
p p m m | g g | r r ||
m m g g | r r | s s ||
3. Zigzag Pattern, but in Janta
s s r r | g g | r r ||
s s r r | g g | m m ||
r r g g | m m | g g ||
r r g g | m m | p p ||
g g m m | p p | m m ||
g g m m | p p | d d ||
m m p p | d d | p p ||
m m p p | d d | n n ||
p p d d | n n | d d ||
p p d d | n n | S S ||
S S n n | d d | n n ||
S S n n | d d | p p ||
n n d d | p p | d d ||
n n d d | p p | m m ||
d d p p | m m | p p ||
d d p p | m m | g g ||
p p m m | g g | m m ||
p p m m | g g | r r ||
m m g g | r r | g g ||
m m g g | r r | s s ||
4. Janta with single notes and pattern repeated
s s r - s | s r | s r ||
s s r r | g g | m m ||
r r g - r | r g | r g ||
r r g g | m m | p p ||
g g m - g | g m | g m ||
g g m m | p p | d d ||
m m p - m | m p | m p ||
m m p p | d d | n n ||
p p d - p | p d | p d ||
p p d d | n n | S S ||
S S n - S | S n | S n ||
S S n n | d d | p p ||
n n d - n | n d | n d ||
n n d d | p p | m m ||
d d p - d | d p | d p ||
d d p p | m m | g g ||
p p m - p | p m | p m ||
p p m m | g g | r r ||
m m g - m | m g | m g ||
m m g g | r r | s s ||
5. Janta with single notes and pattern repeated
s s r r | g - s | r g ||
s s r r | g g | m m ||
r r g g | m - r | g m ||
r r g g | m m | p p ||
g g m m | p - g | m p ||
g g m m | p p | d d ||
m m p p | d - m | p d ||
m m p p | d d | n n ||
p p d d | n - p | d n ||
p p d d | n n | S S ||
S S n n | d - S | n d ||
S S n n | d d | p p ||
n n d d | p - n | d p ||
n n d d | p p | m m ||
d d p p | m - d | p m ||
d d p p | m m | g g ||
p p m m | g - p | m g ||
p p m m | g g | r r ||
m m g g | r - m | g r ||
m m g g | r r | s s ||
6. Janta with dheergams interspersed and pattern repeated
s s , r | r , | g g ||
s s r r | g g | m m ||
r r , g | g , | m m ||
r r g g | m m | p p ||
g g , m | m , | p p ||
g g m m | p p | d d ||
m m , p | p , | d d ||
m m p p | d d | n n ||
p p , d | d , | n n ||
p p d d | n n | S S ||
S S , n | n , | d d ||
S S n n | d d | p p ||
n n , d | d , | p p ||
n n d d | p p | m m ||
d d , p | p , | m m ||
d d p p | m m | g g ||
p p , m | m , | g g ||
p p m m | g g | r r ||
m m , g | g , | r r ||
m m g g | r r | s s ||
7. Janta with dheergams interspersed in a slightly different pattern and pattern repeated
s , s r | , r | g g ||
s s r r | g g | m m ||
r , r g | , g | m m ||
r r g g | m m | p p ||
g , g m | , m | p p ||
g g m m | p p | d d ||
m , m p | , p | d d ||
m m p p | d d | n n ||
p , p d | , d | n n ||
p p d d | n n | S S ||
S , S n | , n | d d ||
S S n n | d d | p p ||
n , n d | , d | p p ||
n n d d | p p | m m ||
d , d p | , p | m m ||
d d p p | m m | g g ||
p , p m | , m | g g | |
p p m m | g g | r r ||
m , m g | , g | r r ||
m m g g | r r | s s ||
8. Triple Janta and Pattern Repeated
s s s r | r r | g g ||
s s r r | g g | m m ||
r r r g | g g | m m ||
r r g g | m m | p p ||
g g g m | m m | p p ||
g g m m | p p | d d ||
m m m p | p p | d d ||
m m p p | d d | n n ||
p p p d | d d | n n ||
p p d d | n n | S S ||
S S S n | n n | d d ||
S S n n | d d | p p ||
n n n d | d d | p p ||
n n d d | p p | m m ||
d d d p | p p | m m ||
d d p p | m m | g g ||
p p p m | m m | g g ||
p p m m | g g | r r ||
m m m g | g g | r r ||
m m g g | r r | s s ||
9. One line has dheergams followed by janta pattern. Dheergams at the first and third notes of the pattern
s , r g | , - s | r g ||
s s r r | g g | m m ||
r , g m | , - r | g m ||
r r g g | m m | p p ||
g , m p | , - g | m p ||
g g m m | p p | d d ||
m , p d | , - m | p d ||
m m p p | d d | n n ||
p , d n | , - p | d n ||
p p d d | n n | S S ||
S , n d | , - S | n d ||
S S n n | d d | p p||
n , d p | , - n | d p ||
n n d d | p p | m m ||
d , p m | , - d | p m ||
d d p p | m m | g g ||
p , m g | , - p | m g ||
p p m m | g g | r r ||
m , g r | , - m | g r ||
m m g g | r r | s s ||
10. One line has dheergams followed by janta pattern. dheergams at the second and third notes of the pattern
s r , g | , - s | r g ||
s s r r | g g | m m ||
r g , m | , - r | g m ||
r r g g | m m | p p ||
g m , p | , - g | m p ||
g g m m | p p | d d ||
m p , d | , - m | p d ||
m m p p | d d | n n ||
p d , n | , - p | d n ||
p p d d | n n | S S ||
S n , d | , - S | n d ||
S S n n | d d | p p ||
n d , p | , - n | d p ||
n n d d | p p | m m ||
d p , m | , - d | p m ||
d d p p | m m | g g ||
p m , g | , - p | m g ||
p p m m | g g | r r ||
m g , r | , - m | g r ||
m m g g | r r | s s ||
11. One line has dheergams followed by janta pattern. Dheergams ate the first and second notes of the pattern.
s , r , | g - s | r g ||
s s r r | g g | m m ||
r , g , | m - r | g m ||
r r g g | m m | p p ||
g , m , | p - g | m p ||
g g m m | p p | d d ||
m , p , | d - m | p d ||
m m | p p | d d | n n ||
p , d , | n - p | d n ||
p p d d | n n | S S ||
S , n , | d - S | n d ||
S S n n | d d | p p ||
n , d , | p - n | d p ||
n n d d | p p | m m ||
d , p , | m - d | p m ||
d d p p | m m | g g ||
p , m , | g - p | m g ||
p p m m | g g | r r ||
m , g , | r - m | g r ||
m m g g | r r | s s ||
12. Janta with dhatu-style jumps and zig-zag followed by janta pattern
s s m m | g g | r r ||
s s r r | g g | m m ||
r r p p | m m | g g ||
r r g g | m m | p p ||
g g d d | p p | m m ||
g g m m | p p | d d ||
m m n n | d d | p p ||
m m p p | d d | n n ||
p p S S | n n | d d ||
p p d d | n n | S S ||
S S p p | d d | n n ||
S S n n | d d | p p ||
n n m m | p p | d d ||
n n d d | p p | m m ||
d d g g | m m | p p ||
d d p p | m m | g g ||
p p r r | g g | m m ||
p p m m | g g | r r ||
m m s s | r r | g g ||
m m g g | r r | s s ||
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This article is a great resource for anyone serious about mastering Carnatic music basics.
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ReplyDeleteJanta Varisai is a foundational exercise in Carnatic music, helping students master the basics of rhythm, pitch, and swara (notes). This practice strengthens vocal control and prepares learners for more complex compositions. Essential for beginners, Janta Varisai lays the groundwork for a deep understanding of Carnatic music's rich traditions.
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